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SQL is designed for a specific purpose: to query data contained in a relational database. SQL is a set-based, declarative programming language, not an imperative programming language like C or BASIC. However, extensions to Standard SQL add procedural programming language functionality, such as control-of-flow constructs.
SQL syntax. The syntax of the SQL programming language is defined and maintained by ISO/IEC SC 32 as part of ISO/IEC 9075. This standard is not freely available. Despite the existence of the standard, SQL code is not completely portable among different database systems without adjustments.
Query language. A query language, also known as data query language or database query language ( DQL ), is a computer language used to make queries in databases and information systems. In database systems, query languages rely on strict theory to retrieve information. [1] A well known example is the Structured Query Language (SQL).
The term "schema" refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases ). The formal definition of a database schema is a set of formulas (sentences) called integrity constraints imposed on a database. [citation needed]
QUEL is a relational database query language, based on tuple relational calculus, with some similarities to SQL. It was created as a part of the Ingres DBMS effort at University of California, Berkeley, based on Codd 's earlier suggested but not implemented Data Sub-Language ALPHA. QUEL was used for a short time in most products based on the ...
PostgreSQL supports a binary communication protocol that allows applications to connect to the database server. The protocol is versioned (currently 3.0, as of PostgreSQL 7.4) and has a detailed specification. [47] The official client implementation of this communication protocol is a C API, libpq. [48]
Aggregate function. In database management, an aggregate function or aggregation function is a function where multiple values are processed together to form a single summary statistic . (Figure 1) Entity relationship diagram representation of aggregation. Common aggregate functions include: Average (i.e., arithmetic mean) Count. Maximum. Median.
Relation (database) Relation, tuple, and attribute represented as table, row, and column respectively. In database theory, a relation, as originally defined by E. F. Codd, [1] is a set of tuples (d 1 ,d 2 ,...,d n ), where each element d j is a member of D j, a data domain. Codd's original definition notwithstanding, and contrary to the usual ...