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Vapor–liquid equilibrium. In thermodynamics and chemical engineering, the vapor–liquid equilibrium ( VLE) describes the distribution of a chemical species between the vapor phase and a liquid phase . The concentration of a vapor in contact with its liquid, especially at equilibrium, is often expressed in terms of vapor pressure, which will ...
Thermodynamic equilibrium is an axiomatic concept of thermodynamics. It is an internal state of a single thermodynamic system, or a relation between several thermodynamic systems connected by more or less permeable or impermeable walls. In thermodynamic equilibrium, there are no net macroscopic flows of matter nor of energy within a system or ...
Vapor pressure [a] or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system. The equilibrium vapor pressure is an indication of a liquid's thermodynamic tendency to evaporate. It relates to the balance of particles escaping ...
In finance, a coupon is the interest payment received by a bondholder from the date of issuance until the date of maturity of a bond . Coupons are normally described in terms of the "coupon rate", which is calculated by adding the sum of coupons paid per year and dividing it by the bond's face value. For example, if a bond has a face value of ...
The balance (also balance scale, beam balance and laboratory balance) was the first mass measuring instrument invented. In its traditional form, it consists of a pivoted horizontal lever with arms of equal length – the beam or tron – and a weighing pan [10] suspended from each arm (hence the plural name " scales " for a weighing instrument).
Earth's energy imbalance (EEI) Earth's energy budget (in W/m 2) determines the climate. It is the balance of incoming and outgoing radiation and can be measured by satellites. The Earth's energy imbalance is the "net absorbed" energy amount and grew from +0.6 W/m 2 (2009 est. [8]) to above +1.0 W/m 2 in 2019. [23]
Widespread layoffs and high prices of groceries, gas and other key expenses may lead to many people being unwilling to take PTO, even if they need the break. One-third (33 percent) of employed ...
For planetary atmospheres, scale height is the increase in altitude for which the atmospheric pressure decreases by a factor of e. The scale height remains constant for a particular temperature. It can be calculated by [1] [2] or equivalently where: kB = Boltzmann constant = 1.381 × 10−23 J⋅K−1. . [3]